Independent Financial History Study and JournalismThe Wall Street Fund Archive

Working paper · undated, revised in place

The Economics of a Small Fund

Fee structure, expense caps and scale in the audited record of 1996–2004

With year-end net assets between $11.6 million and $22.6 million, The Wall Street Fund, Inc. operated at a scale where fixed costs dominate. This essay reads the 2005 fee table, the tiered expense cap and nine years of audited financial highlights as a case study in the cost structure of the small, adviser-distributed American mutual fund.

Author
Ryan Elliott Dennis
Period
Morse era (1984–2010)
Length
976 words
Evidence
8 claims
Fees and expensesFund governance

The fee table of a mutual-fund prospectus is a compressed balance sheet of power. It records what the adviser takes, what the fund's other agents take, and what the adviser gives back when the arithmetic turns against shareholders. The 2005 table for The Wall Street Fund, Inc. is short. Management fees: 0.50%. Distribution and service (12b-1) fees: zero. Other expenses: 1.42%, of which 0.25% was a shareholder servicing fee. Total annual operating expenses: 1.92%. Fee waiver and reimbursement: 0.07%. Net: 1.85%.

Read in isolation, a 0.50% advisory fee is modest. Read against "other expenses" nearly three times its size, the table describes a fund whose principal cost was the cost of existing at all.

Fixed costs and the denominator

The financial highlights, audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, give year-end net assets for 1996 through 2004: $14.4 million, $15.9 million, $15.6 million, $18.3 million, $22.1 million, $22.6 million, $19.4 million, $11.6 million and $17.4 million. Across the same years the gross expense ratio ranged from 1.45% to 2.08%, and the ratio net of reimbursement from 1.45% to 1.90%.

Certain costs of a registered investment company are close to invariant with respect to size. Custody under the 2001 agreement with U.S. Bank carried a minimum annual fee alongside asset-based basis points, a structure the 2010 amendment retained even as it replaced the schedule. Transfer agency with U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, an annual audit by a national accounting firm, legal counsel, board compensation, printing and filing: each is a bill that arrives whether the fund holds $10 million or $100 million. Divide a roughly constant numerator by a denominator that fell from $22.6 million in 2001 to $11.6 million in 2003 and the expense ratio must rise. The table shows exactly that: gross expenses climbed from 1.45% in 2001 to 2.08% in 2003, then eased to 1.92% as assets recovered in 2004.

The tiered cap as a governance instrument

The adviser's response was a contractual expense limitation approved annually by the board: total expenses capped at 2.00% of the first $10 million of average daily net assets, 1.50% of the next $20 million, and 1.00% of any balance. The structure repays attention. Taking year-end assets as a proxy for the average, at $11.6 million the blended cap works out to roughly 1.93% — 2.00% on the first $10 million and 1.50% on the remaining $1.6 million — which is why the 2003 net ratio of 1.84% sits just beneath the 2.08% gross figure. At $22 million the blended cap falls to about 1.73%. The cap therefore tightened automatically as the fund grew and loosened as it shrank, transferring the marginal cost of smallness to the adviser while preserving the adviser's full 0.50% on assets above $30 million.

Turnover as a second cost channel

The fee table captures only the costs that flow through the income statement. Trading costs are paid inside the portfolio and appear only indirectly, through turnover. The fund's turnover ran between 92.59% and 165.84% annually across 1996–2004, meaning that in most years the portfolio was replaced more than once. For a fund that described itself as growth-oriented and disclosed portfolio-turnover risk in its own risk section, the figures are consistent with the stated method of "continuous scrutiny of investments." They also imply brokerage commissions and market impact borne by shareholders over and above the 1.85% net ratio — a cost the disclosure regime of 2005 required funds to flag in the risk section while keeping it outside the fee table.

The adviser as underwriter

One structural feature deserves emphasis. Wall Street Management Corporation was both investment adviser and principal underwriter, offering shares continuously and directly to the public at a $1,000 minimum. The fund carried a zero 12b-1 line and levied zero sales charges. Distribution, in other words, was funded from the adviser's own resources and from the 0.25% shareholder servicing fee embedded in "other expenses." This is the classic small-shop model: the founder-adviser sells its own product, absorbs the cost of doing so, and accepts a thin margin in exchange for control.

A comparative datum from 2019

The successor's 2019 filing offers one point of comparison. Under Evercore Wealth Management the advisory fee stood at 0.75% of average daily net assets, and distribution had moved to a third-party underwriter, Quasar Distributors, LLC. The direction of travel — a higher advisory rate, an outsourced distribution function, a larger institutional platform — mirrors the industry's consolidation. Whether the total cost to shareholders rose or fell depends on the successor's full expense table and asset base, which lie outside this essay's evidentiary scope.

Conclusion

The Wall Street Fund, Inc. in the late Morse era was a fund whose economics were governed less by its advisory fee than by its size. The tiered expense cap was the instrument through which adviser and board managed that condition, year by year, and the audited ratios record its operation with precision. For historians of fund fees, the case illustrates a general proposition: the headline advisory rate is the least informative line in the table, and the relationship between fixed costs, asset scale and contractual reimbursement is where the shareholder's actual experience is written.

Evidence

8 claims
  1. C-012

    The advisory fee in 2005 was 0.50% of average daily net assets annually; the adviser agreed to limit total expenses to 2.00% of the first $10 million, 1.50% of the next $20 million and 1.00% of the balance of average daily net assets.

    The Wall Street Fund, Inc., Form N-1A, Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 / Amendment No. 62 (Form Type 485APOS)Prospectus, "Fees & Expenses" and "Management of the Fund".

    EstablishedConfidence: Established. Directly supported by a primary sourceverified 2026-09-04
  2. C-013

    For 2004 the fund disclosed total annual operating expenses of 1.92% before a 0.07% waiver, 1.85% net; other expenses of 1.42% included a 0.25% shareholder servicing fee; the fund charged no 12b-1 fee and no shareholder sales fees.

    The Wall Street Fund, Inc., Form N-1A, Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 / Amendment No. 62 (Form Type 485APOS)Prospectus, "Fees & Expenses" table.

    EstablishedConfidence: Established. Directly supported by a primary sourceverified 2026-09-04
  3. C-014

    Audited financial highlights for 1996–2004 show annual total returns of 36.50% (1996), 11.45% (1997), −2.37% (1998), 31.40% (1999), 62.88% (2000), 3.41% (2001), −23.15% (2002), −36.34% (2003), and 49.90% (2004), assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions, with year-end net assets ranging from $11.6 million (2003) to $22.6 million (2001).

    The Wall Street Fund, Inc., Form N-1A, Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 / Amendment No. 62 (Form Type 485APOS)Prospectus, "Financial Highlights" table (audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP).

    Note. The column order in the supplied table shifts by one position relative to the year headers; values were mapped by cross-checking beginning and ending net asset values across adjacent years (e.g., 2003 ends at $4.87 and 2004 begins at $4.87). The archive's methodology note describes this reconciliation. The 1995 column is present in the header and was left blank in the draft.

    EstablishedConfidence: Established. Directly supported by a primary sourceverified 2026-09-04
  4. C-016

    Portfolio turnover ranged from 92.59% (2001) to 165.84% (1999) across 1996–2004.

    The Wall Street Fund, Inc., Form N-1A, Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 / Amendment No. 62 (Form Type 485APOS)Prospectus, "Financial Highlights", portfolio turnover row.

    EstablishedConfidence: Established. Directly supported by a primary sourceverified 2026-09-04
  5. C-009

    The investment adviser and principal underwriter in 2005 was Wall Street Management Corporation (WSMC), a Massachusetts corporation organized September 15, 1954, which had served as adviser since its organization.

    The Wall Street Fund, Inc., Form N-1A, Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 / Amendment No. 62 (Form Type 485APOS)SAI, "Information About Adviser"; Prospectus, "Management of the Fund".

    WSMC, the Fund's investment adviser and principal underwriter ... is a Massachusetts corporation organized on September 15, 1954. It has served as the Fund's investment adviser since its organization.

    Note. The prospectus body says WSMC "was founded in 1954" and omits the month; the SAI supplies the September 15, 1954 date. The identity of the fund's adviser between 1945 and 1954 remains an open question in the supplied record.

    EstablishedConfidence: Established. Directly supported by a primary sourceverified 2026-09-04
  6. C-017

    In 2005 the custodian was U.S. Bank, National Association (Cincinnati), the transfer agent was U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (Milwaukee), and the independent registered public accounting firm was PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (Milwaukee).

    The Wall Street Fund, Inc., Form N-1A, Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 / Amendment No. 62 (Form Type 485APOS)Prospectus back matter listing service providers.

    EstablishedConfidence: Established. Directly supported by a primary sourceverified 2026-09-04
  7. C-018

    A Custody Agreement between the fund and U.S. Bank, N.A. dated July 20, 2001 was amended as of May 18, 2010 to replace the fee schedule (Exhibit C).

    The Wall Street Fund, Inc., Amendment to the Custody Agreement (dated as of May 18, 2010) with U.S. Bank, N.A.Amendment recitals and operative clause.

    THIS AMENDMENT dated as of this 18th day of May, 2010, to the Custody Agreement dated as of July 20, 2001, as amended

    Note. Copy obtained from a secondary aggregator with signatures redacted and fee amounts blank. Locating the EDGAR exhibit is an open item.

    Strongly supportedConfidence: Strongly supported. Supported by multiple credible sourcesverified 2026-09-04
  8. C-028

    The successor fund's advisory fee under the 2019 filing was 0.75% of average daily net assets, and its distributor was Quasar Distributors, LLC.

    Wall Street EWM Funds Trust (Evercore Equity Fund), Form N-1A, Post-Effective Amendment No. 19 / Amendment No. 20 (Form Type 485BPOS)SAI, "Description of the Advisory Fee"; "Principal Underwriter".

    EstablishedConfidence: Established. Directly supported by a primary sourceverified 2026-09-04

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